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ʻO Argon (hōʻailona Ar, helu atomika 18) he kinoea hanohano i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e kona mau ʻano inert, kala ʻole, ʻala ʻole, a me ka ʻono ʻole—nā ʻano e palekana ai no nā wahi pani a paʻa paha. Loaʻa ma kahi o 0.93% o ka lewa o ka Honua, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā kinoea hanohano ʻē aʻe e like me neon (0.0018%) a i ʻole krypton (0.00011%), e hāʻawi ana iā ia i kahi pono kūlohelohe no ka hoʻohana nui ʻana. Loaʻa kona kūpaʻa kemika mai kahi pūpū electron waho piha (ʻewalu mau electrons valence), ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole loa ia e hana i nā hui me nā mea ʻē aʻe—ʻoiai ma nā mahana kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ma lalo o ke kaomi koʻikoʻi. Ma ka mahana maʻamau a me ke kaomi (STP), aia ka argon ma ke ʻano he kinoea monatomic (i haku ʻia me nā ʻātoma hoʻokahi, ʻaʻole like me ka oxygen diatomic a i ʻole ka nitrogen), me kahi kiko paila o -185.8°C a me kahi kiko hau o -189.3°C. ʻO kēia mau mahana haʻahaʻa loa ke ʻano he pono ia e mālama i ka cryogenic, akā hana lākou i mea kūpono no nā noi e like me ka hoʻoluʻu ʻana i nā lako koʻikoʻi, no ka mea, ʻaʻole ia e pane me nā mea ʻoiai ke hoʻomaʻalili ʻia a kokoke i ka zero loa.

Hoʻokaʻawale pinepine ʻia ʻo Argon mai ka ea ma o ka distillation fractional, kahi hana pololei, multi-step. ʻO ka mea mua, kānana ʻia ka ea lewa e wehe i ka lepo, ka mahu wai, a me ke kalapona ʻokikene—nā mea haumia e hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka hoʻoluʻu ʻana a i ʻole e haumia i ka huahana hope loa. A laila, hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka ea i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia a hoʻomaʻalili ʻia i loko o kahi mea hoʻololi wela, a hiki i ka -200°C, kahi e hoʻololi ai i wai. A laila hoʻopili ʻia kēia ea wai i loko o kahi hale kiaʻi distillation kiʻekiʻe, kahi e hoʻomehana mālie ʻia ai. No ka mea, he mau kiko paila kūikawā ko nā kinoea like ʻole i ka lewa—hoʻolapalapa ka nitrogen ma -195.8°C (haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka argon), oxygen ma -183°C (kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka argon)—hoʻoheheʻe lākou ma nā pae like ʻole o ka hale kiaʻi. Piʻi ka kinoea nitrogen i luna a hōʻiliʻili mua ʻia, ʻoiai ʻo ka oxygen e waiho ana i ka wai ma lalo. ʻO Argon, me kona kiko paila waena, e hoʻopili ʻia ma waenakonu o ka hale kiaʻi, kahi e hoʻokahe ʻia ai. A laila hoʻouna ʻia ka argon i hōʻiliʻili ʻia ma o kahi hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻelua e wehe i kekahi naikokene a oxygen paha i koe, e hopena ana i ka argon ʻoihana (99.99% maʻemaʻe) a i ʻole ka argon maʻemaʻe loa (99.999% maʻemaʻe) no nā hoʻohana ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe.

ʻO ka inertness o Argon e lilo ia i mea nui loa ma nā ʻoihana he nui. I ka metallurgy, he kinoea pale koʻikoʻi ia no nā kaʻina hana wili e like me ka MIG (Metal Inert Gas) a me ka TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) wili. Ke hoʻohana ʻia e wili i nā metala e like me ka alumini, ke kila kila, a i ʻole ka titanium, hana ia i kahi pale pale a puni ka ʻāpana wili, e pale ana i ka oxidation e hoʻonāwaliwali i ka hui a i ʻole e hana i nā hemahema—he mea nui no ka hana ʻana i nā mōlina kaʻa, nā ʻāpana mokulele, a me nā mea kūkulu. Hilinaʻi ka ʻoihana uila i ka argon ultra-pure e hana i nā semiconductors: i ka wā o ka waiho ʻana o nā papa metala lahilahi a i ʻole silicon ma nā microchips, hoʻopiha ka argon i ke keʻena hana, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana ʻaʻohe ʻāpana ea e haumia i nā kaapuni palupalu. Ma waho aʻe o ka ʻoihana kaumaha, hoʻolōʻihi ka argon i ke ola o nā kukui incandescent ma ka hoʻolohi ʻana i ka mahu ʻana o nā filaments tungsten (e pālua ana ke ola o ka kukui i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kukui i piha i ka ea) a mālama i nā mea hana mōʻaukala—e like me nā palapala kahiko a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​ʻaʻahu palupalu—ma nā hihia hōʻikeʻike hale hōʻikeʻike, kahi e pani ai i ka oxygen e hoʻōki i ka palaho. He kuleana koʻikoʻi nō hoʻi ia i loko o ka ʻōpala meaʻai, kahi i hui pū ʻia ai me ka naikokene e hoʻokahe i ka oxygen, e mālama ana i nā mea i hoʻomoʻa ʻia, nā meaʻai māmā, a me nā huaʻai hou no ka manawa lōʻihi.

Ma ke ʻano hoʻokele waiwai, he waiwai nui ka argon ma muli o kona koi ākea a me nā kumukūʻai hana haʻahaʻa. ʻOiai ʻo kāna mea maka he ea—he waiwai palena ʻole, manuahi—he kūpono ke kumukūʻai o ka distillation fractional, ʻoiai ke hui pū ʻia me ka hana ʻana o ka nitrogen a i ʻole ka oxygen (nui nā mea kanu e hana i nā kinoea ʻekolu i ka manawa like, e hōʻemi ana i ke overhead). Ua waiwai ʻia ka mākeke argon honua ma mua o $8 biliona i kēlā me kēia makahiki, me ka ulu mau o 5-7% i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Hoʻokele ʻia kēia ulu e nā ʻoihana e like me ke kaʻa (i ka piʻi ʻana o ka hana ʻana o nā kaʻa uila, e koi ana i ka hoʻopili pololei ʻana), nā mea uila (e hoʻonui ana i ka 5G a me ka hana semiconductor), a me ka ikehu hou (hoʻohana ka hana ʻana o ka panela solar i ka argon e uhi i nā cell photovoltaic). ʻAʻole e like me nā kinoea hanohano kakaʻikahi (ʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai o krypton he 10-20 mau manawa, ʻoi aku ka xenon 50-100 mau manawa), ʻo ke kumukūʻai kūpono o ka argon e hiki ai ke loaʻa no nā hale hana nui a me nā keʻena hoʻokolohua liʻiliʻi. I ka wikiwiki ʻana o ka ʻenehana honua a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻoihana, manaʻo ʻia e piʻi hou aʻe ke koi no ka argon, e hoʻopaʻa ana i kāna kuleana ma ke ʻano he mea hiki ke hoʻoikaika i ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻoihana a me ka hana hou ʻana o ka ʻenehana ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.

Inā makemake ʻoe e ʻike i ka ʻike hou aku, e ʻoluʻolu e leka uila mai iā mākou me ke manuahi:

Hoʻokaʻaʻike:Miranda Wei

Email:miranda.wei@hzazbel.com

Mob/He aha ka polokalamu/Kāhea mākou:+86-13282810265

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